¿EN QUÉ REPERCUTE EN LOS DIESEL EL USO DEL COMBUSTIBLE INADECUADO?

La idea original de Rudolf Diesel, el inventor alemán del motor de ciclo diesel, era construir un motor que funcionara prácticamente con cualquier combustible. Sin embargo, él nunca pudo imaginar que un motor diesel de hoy llegara a ser un mecanismo tan complejo y delicado, sobre todo, en el combustible que se utilice.

Los primeros motores diesel, de bomba lineal, utilizados en maquinaria agrícola y en algunas camionetas, y camiones en general, funcionaban con un combustible llamado “gasoil”; “gas” significa “combustible” y “oil”, “aceite”. Este combustible siempre se consideró de calidad mediana y muy inferior a la nafta, más refinada. La misma persona que cuidaba mucho sobre qué tipo de nafta le cargaba a su auto y en qué estación de servicio lo hacía, compraba gasoil de donde le resultara más cómodo y económico.

Sin embargo, hoy, la cuestión se ha revertido; cargar nafta de 95 octanos o de 98 octanos, da prácticamente lo mismo porque el motor de inyección lleva un Sensor de Detonación que le indica a la ECU (central electrónica del motor) hasta donde puede exigir al motor de nafta sin romperlo. La ECU se ha construído para que el usuario desinformado no rompa los motores antes de tiempo; después de cierto tiempo, ya no es lo mismo porque las concesionarias no venderían autos nuevos y los mecánicos nos moriríamos de hambre. Los autos tienen que romperse, por una cosa o por otra.

En los motores diesel nuevos (al combustible de mayor Número de Cetanos se le llama “diesel” en lugar de “gasoil”) el combustible utilizado determina la vida del motor. La pregunta lógica es ¿por qué? Si bien el gasoil es un Hidrocarburo (se simplifica con las letras HC) de cadena más larga que la nafta (ambos contienen cadenas carbonadas de Carbono combinado con Hidrógeno), el problema del diesel es que está sometido a presiones y temperaturas más elevadas que la nafta durante la combustión.

Hay un componente de menor porcentual que está presente en el petróleo del que se destila el diesel, y es el Azufre, en cantidades menores que el 1%, por lo que no parecería peligroso en primera instancia. Sin embargo, debido a las elevadas presiones y temperaturas, este Azufre se combina con el Oxígeno del aire y con Hidrógeno del combustible, dando como resultado un porcentaje de ácidos Sulfurosos y Sulfúricos.

Es de común conocimiento que el Ácido Sulfúrico se come lo que sea que toque, salvo algunos materiales, por suerte. Y además tiene cierta debilidad por el Hierro, que constituye en un 95% al acero que se utiliza en los motores. Conclusión, en el diesel hay Azufre que termina atacando al acero de los inyectores y a la misma bomba inyectora.

Hablemos de que la presión en un sistema de inyección moderno llega a los 1.500 Bars en el Common-Rail que alimenta los motores de hoy, y hasta 1.600 Bars en algunos sistemas de Inyector-Bomba utilizados mayormente en motores de camiones. Para tener una referencia, cuando usted infla por completo uno de los neumáticos del auto, utiliza una presión de 30 libras/pulg cuadrada que equivalen SÓLO A 2 BARS. Imagine ahora lo que pueden ser 1.500 Bars de presión. Como referencia le digo que si en funcionamiento se produce una fisura en el sistema, el líquido a alta presión que saldrá cortará como un cuchillo la mano que encuentre cerca.

En resumen, entonces, el ácido producido por el contenido del Azufre, con el tiempo se irá comiendo las toberas de los inyectores electrónicos y los órganos mismos de la bomba inyectora de alta presión, inexorablemente. Estos elementos tienen una superficie cementada (nitrurada) a fin de que no se desgasten, pero el Azufre se encarga de eliminar esa delgada capa, por lo que es fácil imaginar que no hay arreglo para esto, aunque hay talleres que prometen la reparación de los inyectores y de la bomba.

Para tener una idea, los juegos presentes en estos elementos llevan una luz de milésimas de milímetro, al grado que usted no puede intercambiar las agujas de los inyectores sin hacer un desastre, porque cada aguja del inyector tiene su juego permitido en cada cuerpo inyector. Lo que nos dice que será muy difícil recuperar un inyector o una bomba con desgaste, y si se logra, no será por mucho tiempo.

Ahora, si usted debe cambiar un inyector debido al desgaste, deberá cambiar los 4 o los 6 dependiendo del motor, y también hay que irse preparando porque más tarde o más temprano habrá problemas en la bomba (siendo que fallan aún “de fábrica”), todo esto gracias a nuestro amigo el Azufre. Por lo que es muy importante que cuando carga diesel, lo haga en una estación de marca reconocida y que se fije en las especificaciones del combustible que le venden.

Me hace gracia porque hay gente que me dice: “Ah, no, yo cargo sólo en el Automóvil Club” como si eso fuera una garantía de combustible de primera. El ACA utiliza diesel de YPF que tiene 150 partes por millón de Azufre; Esso o Shell utilizan combustible de 10 partes por millón de azufre, pero claro, son marcas extranjeras y el precio es más caro. Bien, usted decida, es su motor y su bolsillo.

Lo que yo le recomiendo, es siempre cargar diesel “grado 3”, que contiene adhitivos para neutralizar el azufre y estabilizar el combustible. ¿Qué significa “estabilizar el combustible”? Que como casi todo en nuestro país, se produce de formas generalmente legales pero no tan generalmente éticas. Por ejemplo, sea nafta o gasoil, para que se entienda, demos un ejemplo: si se necesita una cadena de 10 carbonos, cuando ya no dispongamos de cadenas de 10 carbonos, utilizamos una más pesada, de 20 carbonos, le hacemos “cracking”, perfectamente legal, y obtenemos dos cadenas de 10.

Por supuesto, esto se realiza eléctricamente para “cortar” la cadena de 20 carbonos, pero con el tiempo, estas dos mitades tristemente separadas, se encontrarán y volverán a formar su feliz unión de 20 carbonos, o sea, que con el tiempo uno comienza a ver que el combustible se “pone viejo, o se pudre” y comienza a oler mal, señal de que el Azufre se ha combinado con el Hidrógeno, formando Sulfuro de Hidrógeno, que es el gas que uno libera luego de comerse un exquisito guiso de porotos.

Uno alimenta un motor electrónico de hoy con semejante mezcla y termina tapando los inyectores, al igual que si carga diesel en cualquier estación de cualquier bandera o que no tiene bandera. Y lógicamente, se queda en la mitad de la ruta, cuando menos lo espera. Por eso, cargue diesel Euro, que es más cara pero le dura más kilómetros y no le rompe el motor. ¿Por qué las camionetas que viajan a la cordillera se quedan por el camino a la vuelta? Porque cargaron cualquier cosa en cualquier lado, como si compraran frutillas para el viaje.

Bien, ahora ya sabe lo que pasa cuando utiliza en su motor diesel electrónico, cualquier clase de combustible, a pesar de lo que deseaba Rudolf Diesel, que en paz descanse y que el Cielo lo tenga en su gloria, pero es que la tecnología ha cambiado.

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17 comentarios sobre «¿EN QUÉ REPERCUTE EN LOS DIESEL EL USO DEL COMBUSTIBLE INADECUADO?»

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  2. The 40-year-old athlete has competed in and won a number
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    One competitor estimates that solely about 1% ofstrongmen have by no means used anabolic
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    Nevertheless, bench-pressing, squats, and deadlifts are three
    compound exercises which are relied upon by renowned powerlifters like Zack George.
    Different go-to activities when branching out the
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    Leonid was born in 1956 within the USSR and set the world record for the clear and jerk
    (266kg or 58.2 pounds) and whole (475 kg or 1,045 pounds) again in 1988,
    a report that has stood for eons. Even although weightlifting tips changed and his record now not stands within the lifting federation,
    none comes near equaling his power.
    He’s the father of a younger daughter and has
    another one on the way. Invited to World’s Strongest Man for the first
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    champion Brian Shaw. It was the one major competitors the place Hooper didn’t make the rostrum.
    It can be the primary video of an upcoming collection of movies masking the subject of hormones,
    testosterone, and other anabolics.
    Eddie’s crowning glory got here in 2017 when he was finally declared the World’s Strongest
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    However, life away from the sporting arena was
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    On their approach to Veteran’s Memorial Auditorium that night, for the ultimate event of the competition, the boys sat
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    and even offer recommendation. The year earlier than, on the
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    by half a second. Not Like many strongmen who have a complete rest day, Eddie’s typical midweek interval would include cardio exercises,
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    With exhibits like «Eddie Eats America,» «Beasted,» and contributions to the charming Historical Past Channel series «The Strongest Man in Historical Past,» Hall’s personality shone by way of.
    For those who are thinking about strongman existence and fitness,
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    In a shocking flip of events and proving his
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    Hoeberl, an Austrianwho completed second (to a Magnus,
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    In 1990, Jón Páll got here to the 1990 World’s
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    title for a document breaking fourth time. He also
    won World Muscle Energy Traditional and Iceland’s Strongest Man. In 1986 World’s Strongest Man in Good, France,
    Jón Páll gained his second title, beating Capes by four factors.

    He shook the kinks from his arms and bounced on his toes like a boxer, then bent down to pick up
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    of his biceps tore free, and the frame came thudding down. He managed
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    Samson in the temple.
    Bjornsson, 30, turned to competing in strongman occasions after his dream of turning into knowledgeable basketball player ended when he twice broke his
    proper ankle on the age of 19. Turning to weightlifting,
    the now 6-foot-9, 440-pound native of Iceland was discovered
    in a fitness center by countryman Magnus ver Magnusson, a four-time winner of the WSM competition.
    Understanding that steroids are so accepted amongst strongmen, Philippi,feeling he’ll come across like a complaining moralist,
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    References:

    Steroids.Com Review

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