¿CÓMO ESTÁ COMPUESTA UNA LÁMPARA DE BAJO CONSUMO?

Sabes que por razones de economía en el gasto de energía eléctrica, las antiguas lámparas de filamento han sido reemplazadas por las de bajo consumo, que tienen igualmente su rosca Edison para conectarlas igual que sus predecesoras.

Sin embargo, poco ha durado su reinado. Estas lámparas de bajo consumo, a su vez, han sido reemplazadas por las luces de LEDs, es decir, de Diodos Emisores de Luz (Light Emmiting Diode), de mayor duración, mejor iluminación y menor consumo, aunque por el momento, más caras.

Habrás notado que estas lámparas de bajo consumo, a partir del zócalo con rosca Edison, poseen una base de tamaño importante y recién después de esta base, surgen los tubos luminosos. En esta base se encuentra un sistema similar al que usan los tubos fluorescentes, pero en miniatura; y los tubos, en realidad no son tres sino uno solo que ha sido plegado para mayor comodidad.

Es decir que cuando colocas una de estas lámparas, estás colocando un pequeño tubo fluorescente, y de allí su alta iluminación y bajo consumo. Lamentablemente, las fallas en el sistema de arranque hacen que muchas veces su duración sea muy breve.

En la cabeza cerámica hay una plaqueta electrónica que toma los 220VCA de la línea y los reduce aplicándolos a un oscilador electrónico de alta frecuencia que es quien alimentará al tubo luminoso con impulsos eléctricos de frecuencia que va más allá de lo que permite ver el ojo humano, por lo que no se nota el parpadeo típico de los tubos fluorescentes comunes.

Dentro del tubo, en sus paredes interiores hay depositado un compuesto fluorescente de mercurio, cuyos átomos al ser impactados por electrones de la corriente de alta frecuencia que circula a través del gas interior del tubo, convierten la energía de los mismos en fotones y ese brillo es lo que vemos como luz.

Cambiando el tipo de fósforo podremos obtener luz día o luz suave, pero el sistema es exactamente el mismo. Nunca te lleves a la boca los dedos que hayan sido manchados por el polvillo cuando se rompen estos tubos, porque ese talco blancuzco es venenoso.

Rápidamente este sistema está siendo reemplazado por las lámparas de LED, que no presentan fallas, de duración muy prolongada y de luz brillante, y que parecen representar el futuro de la iluminación por los próximos años, dejando sin actualidad a estas lámparas que inevitablemente se rompe su oscilador o se agota el fósforo con el tiempo.

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7 comentarios sobre «¿CÓMO ESTÁ COMPUESTA UNA LÁMPARA DE BAJO CONSUMO?»

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